Amashwaqozi eFutha: Khiqizwa Ukuzimisele kanye Nokusebenza Okuhle Kwemfuyo Ngezintabeni

Ukulima kuyindlu yokuphila kwesiqiniseko sembuzo emjeleni, kunciphisa izimpilo zezintsha ezingu-1 zezinkulungwane zezizwe ngalaba. Ngelikala lepopulation emjeleni libhekene futhi nesizungu sobuchwephesha bokukhona kwezulu kakhulu, kunezidingo eziphakade ezilungile kakhulu kumsebenzi wokulima okulondolozo kanye nokusebenzisa ngokushesha. Phakathi kohlabathi lwemikhumbuzo yokulima okulandelayo kwalungise indlela yokusebenza kwemfuko, izisprayer zezimali zibonakala njengendiza ebalulekile. Ngakho okunikeza ukusebenzisa kwezimali ngokucophele kanye nokulinganayo, lezi zixhobo zihlela izindlela zokuplantha kanye nokunciphisa kwezimpilo zezulu, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumyeni phakathi kokuplanthwa kwebhantfu kanye nokulondoloza kwezulu emhlabeni njengalokhu.

Ukuthuthuka kwezivivinyo zokulayisha kuyashiywa ngokuthuthukwako okuphakade kotechnology yokudlala emhlabathini onjalo. Kaphambili kokudla, ukusebenzisa izivivinyo zokulayisha kwayengqondo yokuqeqeshwa, indlela eyadinga umsebenzi omkhulu etholakala ngokungahleli, ukuchithwa kwemithombo, nokuthuthuka okungahleli komthambo. Ukuza kwezinhlelo zokulayisha ezisebenzisa izimo zazikhipha isikhathi esibalulekile. Kusukela kuzinhlelo zokuqeda zangaphambilini, ezingasebenzisa i-discs ezizungezayo ukuze ziphinde zilayishe izivivinyo, kuze kube ngezinhlelo zomdla ezintsha ezigxilwe kwi-GPS, teknoloji yesilinganiso (VRT), nezinhlelo zezinhlelo, teknoloji yayigcwele izibonelo. Emasundeni amandla okudla njenge-US, Germany, neJapan, izinhlelo ezihle zokulayisha ezinxulumene nezinhlelo zomdla zaziba khona. Lezi zinhlelo zingasiza isilinganiso sokulayisha izivivinyo ngexesha elifanayo ngokulinganiswa kwezimali, iindlela zokuthuthuka komthambo, kwaye nakuba zingummandla wasekhaya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngamanye amagama afunyanwa inani elilodwa lezimali. Umzekelo, kwiNion yeYurophu, ukuthuthuka kwezinhlelo zokulayisha ezihle, kufakwa izinhlelo zokulayisha ezihle, kuyalidana kanobomi besilimi sedliso (CAP), okuthiwa kunciphisa ukulayishwa kwezimali kwaye ukulawula ubume bomlilo.

Ngokumadlinganisa, ukusebenzisa kwezixhobo zokunweba kumazwe avuthiwe ne-afrika emfushane kunemihlaba ephathelene nokusebenzisa kwezinhlelo zasekuhlaleni nezintsha. KumaZwide athi Indiya, Bhrazili, no-Nigeria, abasemshini amakhaya bakhetha ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinjalo noma iimodeli ezinzima ngoba babekelwa yizindlela ezifana nokungabi namali, ukwahlulwa kwegunya, nokungakwazi ukufinyelela kumthombo. Kodwa, kukho indlela yokuthatha izixhobo ezinezilingo eziphezulu ebalulekileyo ekunyakeni umsebenzi nokulawula kumahlono afika.

Izikozelo zomphakathi nasekhonzi zidala indima ebalulekile kulolu dondolo. Isibonelo, iNdawonyango yeBhodha nezokudla (FAO) yavulela izinhlelo zokunakekela teknikasi ukuze kunciphise kanye nokugcinwa kakhulu kakhulu kwezithuthi zokulahlela kumfemini emincane emadabukazeni Afrika. Lezi zinhlelo zihlela ukuthutha kwezixhobo kodwa futhi kufaka phakathi ukufunda ngokusebenzisa kanye nokugcina kakhulu, ukunceda abafemini ukuthutha okuphakade kwezixhobo ngapha kokunciphisa kwezimali ezingenayo.

Ukuphila kusobala kuyaphatha inkululeko yomphakathi kumlando wokusebenzisa izixhobo zokunweba ezigcweleyo ngempuma. Ukunweba okunzima nokungcono kukuthi kwaye kwalapha umthombo oyingqayizivele wezingo zempilo njengegugu labomi, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi (ukwenyenziswa), nokuphumelela kwegazi zenkohlaka. Ukuze kube lula le miba, abasebenzisi nabaphilosithile bahlala behlinzelekela ukuthutha izixhobo ezinokwenzela ukusebenzisa amathambo ngokushesha. Isimo sesimo se-Variable rate technology (VRT) sikhulu kule ndlela, ngoba sinquma abazalwane ukunweba kuphela apho nelexesha lokufuneka, ukwethula ukunweba okuningi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zodlame oluchanekileyo njenge-IoT (Internet of Things) nokulungiselela kwebiga data kuvumela ukubeka isimo sezigaba sokufaka izimali ngemizuzwana, ekunika amadoda okosha izimpendulo ezibalulekile ukuze bahlengise izindimana zabo. Kusome izizwe e-Eropi, izihlengalenga ze-smart zihlotshaniswa kwi-databases yezintsholongo zonke, ekuvumela ukulungiswa kwesigaba sokufaka izimali ngokwamaphu avamile aphilile yezintsholongo. Lezi zinyathelo akakhethi kuphela ukunciphisa isivinini esibangelwa yisayensi kodlame kodwa futhi kuyabangela ukuthuthuka kwegodi yesidlalo ngokuthulaswa kizindleko zokunikezela.

Isiphiwo sephando kumthombo wamafutha kuyashintsha futhi ngokuthi kuthintela izidingo zezimali nezepolithe. Ngokwemibuko yomthombo, isiphiwo sizophakade kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, kuyophakathi kakhulu ngokwesibophelelo esikhulayo emazweni amandla, ukwakheka okhululekile kwezimali, nokuxhasa kwamapolithi akasendaweni. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkinga eziphulwa, kufana nokhetho okuphakade kwezixhobo ezibuthane, ukungafiki kwezimali kumalimi amakhono, nokudinga kwebumbano obuhle (kufana nobumbano obukhombisa kanye nobubili bokhiye) ukuxhasa izimo zezimali ezibuthane. Ukuxhasana phakathi kwezimali kudingeka ukuxhasana phakathi kwezimali. Ukuxhasana phakathi kwezimali kumakhono, izigaba zokwaziwa, nempiyalelo kungakwazi ukuxhasa ukuthuthuka kwezimali nezimali, ukwakheka kakhulu kumalimi emhlabeni wonke. Isibonelo, izithuthi zokwaziwa phakathi kweyurophu neafrika zithuthukile izixhobo ezibuthane, ezixhobekayo, ezixhobekayo kakhulu kumalimi amakhono emhlabeni yamandla nezimali.

Ekulandeleni, indima yezixhobo zokunweba izitha kumhlaba ngamunye kwasendaweni yokuziphatha kwizwe lethu liphumelela iNqubo Yokuphila Ngcono (SDGs), ikakhulu i-SDG 2 (Ukungabi nalutho) nase-SDG 13 (Umsebenzi Woklimate), kuya kuba khona ububi bokunweba izitha ngendlela efanelekileyo nesetshenziswa kakhulu. Izibonelo ezizayo zezixhobo zokunweba izitha kuzozungezwa ekudibaniseni kakhulu nezempilo zodidi lwasekhaya, ukusebenzisa imithombo engaphezulu yesimo sezulu (njengezenzo nasezinkangweni) ukuze kube yisimo esihle, nokuthuthela izixhobo efanayo namathuba afana nezigaba ezimbili nasezimalini emncane. Ngaphezu koko, izidingo zokuthuthukisa ubumfihlo bezixhobo zokunweba izitha phakade kumhlaba kungasiza ekubekeni ububi bezixhobo futhi kusiza ekuthembekeni abazalwane futhi kuvikela umnotho wamazwe.

Ekugcineni, izixhobo zokunwabela izitha zokulima ayiziphi ngaphandle kozilimi zokulima; ziyinxenye eqinileyo yokuthuthukisa nokusebenza kwezokulima njalo emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela kwimodeli ezinamandla endaweni ephumelelayo ukuya kwezinye indawo eziphansi, lezi zixhobo ziqhamuka abalimi ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukena kwebhantshu nezempilo. Njengoko imithombo yokulima yomhlaba ihamba phambili, ukusikelelana phakathi kwemifula, ukuvuselelwa kwezibonelo, nokuxhaswa kwezepolide kuzoba khona okubalulekile ekutholeni amandla onke avela kuzixhobo zokunwabela izitha zokulima. Ngokusebenzisa konke oku kuqhamuka izixhobo ezivuselelekileyo nezokulima njalo, singayiqhubeka inkinga yokuqinisekisa ukuba kukhona ubunzima obubi nomlando wokulima othembekileyo nokuphila njalo.