Amasipreada Amanye Amahle Akufakwa Kwemithi Ayisisekelo Kukhokho Kwezwe: Ukuphakamisa Kwemithi Nezindlela Zokuzilungisa Umhlaba

Abasabalalisi bomanyolo abanembile baqhuba ushintsho lwezolimo emhlabeni wonke, baguqula imikhuba yomanyolo kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, e-Asia, e-Afrika naseLatin America. Ngokukhulisa isivuno, ukunciphisa imfucuza yomanyolo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusimama kwemvelo, le mishini ehlakaniphile inika amandla amapulazi amakhulu ezentengiselwano kanye nemisebenzi yabalimi abancane, okuphawula inkathi entsha yokulima okunembile, okusebenzayo nokuluhlaza emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuyimbangela yalolu shintsho. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuzulazula kwe-GPS/Beidou, ukulinganisa isivinini se-radar kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinga eliguquguqukayo (i-VRT), abasabalalisi besimanje basusa ukusetshenziswa okungalingani kwezindlela zendabuko zezandla noma eziyisisekelo zemishini. Amamodeli aseYurophu afinyelela ukunemba kwezinga legrama, ehlukanisa isivinini setrakhi ekukhishweni komanyolo, ngobubanzi bokusabalalisa obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-20 kanye nokusebenza kahle kwansuku zonke okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20 kunezisebenzi zezandla. Amapulazi aseNyakatho Melika ahlanganisa abasabalalisi ne-IoT kanye ne-big data, elungisa umanyolo ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe kwizakhamzimba zomhlabathi, ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nesimo sezulu—eqaphela ukunemba "okuqondene nensimu". Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kubonisa ukuthi le mishini iphakamisa isivuno sezitshalo eziyisisekelo ngo-8%-15% futhi ikhulisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ngaphezu kuka-15%.

Umthelela udlulela ngale kwezomnotho ezithuthukile. E-China, izibonelelo zenqubomgomo (35%-40% zemishini ehlakaniphile esezingeni eliphezulu) kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha endaweni kuye kwasheshisa ukwamukelwa; Izinhlangano zokubambisana zase-Heilongjiang zinciphise ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ngo-30% ngenkathi zikhulisa isivuno sommbila, ziphakamisa inzuzo eningi ngo-23%. E-Brazil, abasabalalisi abaguquliwe base-China sebebe "ithuluzi lokukhulisa isivuno" samapulazi amancane ezifundazweni eziyisithupha. E-Kenya nase-Tanzania, amamodeli alula, angabizi kakhulu akhuthaza umanyolo osebenzayo futhi avikele imvelo ebuthakathaka, esekelwa amaphrojekthi ezolimo omhlaba wonke.

Lezi zimiselo ziyaphambana kakhulu ekuphambaneni kwezwe lokugcina umphakathi wokuzilima. I-UN FAO ibonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa izinkampani zokufakela amasweli emhlabathi kulezwe liyisilinganiso sase-30%-40%, nokuba okungafanele kuyabangena emhlabathini nezilwane zokudla, futhi kuyabangena emzilwane. Amasweli okuzilima okuhle kungahlela ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa izinkampani zokufakela amasweli emhlabathi ngama-15%-20% ngelishwa lokuvutha izilwane, kubhekiselele ukuzilima ngezindlela zokulungisa imfazwe yemkhosi nemifulo yezwe, futhi kuyabhekiselele ukuchitha izilwane. Kuyabhekiselele futhi ukuthi lezi zimiselo ziyagcina izilwane zokuzilima, idatha enkulu, ne-IoT, kuyabhekiselele ukuthi izilwane zokuzilima zingabonakala ngokuphelele futhi kuyabhekiselele ukuthi izilwane zokuzilima zingabonakala ngokuphelele.

Kusukela kuze kufika ku-2030, i-FAO iyabonakalisa ukuthi amasweli okuzilima okuhle kuzoba ne-60% yokubonakala kwezilwane zokuzilima ezikhulu nezimadlingo emhlabathini wonke. Ngokuphelele kwezindaba zokuzilima nokuzilima okungaziwa, lezi zimiselo zizoba zihle kakhulu, nokuthi ukuthi ukuthi kubhekiselele kwezizwe zokuzilima kuzoba kubhekiselele kwezizwe zokuzilima, kuyabhekiselele ukuthi izilwane zokuzilima zingabonakala ngokuphelele. Kusukela kwezilwane zokuzilima e-Europe kuya kwezilwane zokuzilima e-Afrika, amasweli okuzilima okuhle ayabeka izinyathelo zokuzilima okuhle, nokuzilima okuhle kwezwe wonke.